Thayer's Greek. This would have influenced Paul's use of the word. February 2, 2017 / davidsschrock For more thirty years, an exegetical debate has raged between complementarians and egalitarians over a single word: Kephal, the Greek word for 'head.' The former argue that this word means "authority over," while the latter argues the word means "source." Definition of kephale: 1) the head, both of men and often of animals. 2) metaph. Old Testament laws of primogeniture gave superior rights to the first-born male (Adam). of LS) 0 of 7 have ever given "prominent, preeminent" as meaning of kephal In all of ancient Greek literature, in every example that takes the form, "Person A is the kephal of Person or Group B," Person A has authority over Person or Group B. [3] Another Look at Kephale in 1 Corinthians 11.3 [New Testament Studies, 35.4, October 89, pp 503-511] Kephale by fitzmyer 1989. NAS Exhaustive Concordance . The term kephale (here translated "head") legitimately may be understood not in a hierarchical, authoritarian sense (a built-in external structure), but in a dynamic sense as "source" and "self-giving nurturing." (A) Biblically, the heart, not the head, is the source of decision making. Kephale. capital and extreme punishment. "source."7 These example wils ble deal witt h later. I could only find one translation that rendered "kephale" as "source" 1 Corinthians 11:3 (TPT) 3But I want you to understand that Christ is the source of every human alive, and Adam was the source of Eve, and God is the source of the Messiah. meaning "source" turn out to consist of just two texts. . He cites S. Bedele, "The Meaning of kephale in the Pauline Epistles," JTS 5 (1954), who wrote, The literature is extensive. The meaning "source" is not "common" (as most egalitarians assert today). Since the loss of the head destroys life, this word is used in the phrases relating to capital and extreme punishment. A Survey of 2,336 Examples," Trinity Journal ns 6.1 (Spring 1985): 38-59. Conclusions Does kephale ("head") Mean "Source" or "Authority Over" in Greek Literature? 5:22-24 ("Wives, submit yourselves unto your own husbands, as unto the Lord. 2, No. This is an important article for those interested in the role relationships of men and women because it fatally undermines the oft-repeated. Definition: the head Usage: (a) the head, (b) met: a corner stone, uniting two walls; head, ruler, lord. Why do some people say that there is no evidence kephale can mean 'source' or 'origin?' The Henry George Liddell and Robert Scott Greek lexicon lists, among the possible meanings of the Greek word kephale (translated as 'head' in English), 'source' or 'origin.' This is the word translated 'head' in 1 Corinthians 11:3 ("Now I want you to realize [] Lexicons of secular ancient Greek do not give "leader" as a definition of kephal. This is an important article for those interested in the role relationships of men and women because it fatally undermines the oft-repeated and unfounded argument that kephale means 'source' and not 'head' in the NT. head Kephal (Greek: ) literally means "head" in ancient Greek. TPT - 2017 edition. who asserts, "He (Paul) does not mean 'authority over' as the traditionalists assert, nor does he mean 'source' as the egalitarians assert. Adam was her source. Since the loss of the. 5. For instance, they will say that man is the source of woman in the sense that Eve was formed from Adam. *Kephale* does mean "source" in a few passages of Hellenistic literature, but never does it take that meaning in the LXX. It is said that the primary meaning of kephale is "source". 1 Corinthians 11:3 expresses that "the head of the woman is man," but Dr. Belleville points out that us 21st century readers too quickly think of "head" as in-charge and says that "head" in verse 3 is more in the sense of "source" (as in headwaters), pointing to verse 8 which refers to woman coming from man, rather than man coming from woman. 3) Surprisingly, some Egalitarians will actually share a quote from Chrysostom to show that one of the church . They also reference the meaning given in the LSJ for source/origin. Thus the widely accepted argument for a "common" use of to mean "source" in extra-Biblical Greek I'm not sure why they say it, but it is not true. The following article is now on-line in PDF: Wayne Grudem, "Does Kephale ("Head") Mean "Source" or "Authority Over" in Greek Literature? Professor of Theology and Biblical Studies. Kephal ( Greek: ) literally means "head" in ancient Greek. "Schools were very, very late to respond to the internet. 5, p.8 For further confirmation that kephale (head) means "authority over" and not "source" read Grudem's article "The Meaning of Kephale ("head"): A Response to Recent Studies, Appendix, Recovering Biblical Manhood and . I suggest that the Greek word kephal in 1 Corinthians 11:3 has similar meanings of "origin," "beginning," or "first," or as some say, "source." Implicit with most metaphorical uses of kephal, there is also a sense of prominence or preeminence. Kephale (Attica) In these the definition of "source" for kephale is well attested. anything supreme, chief, prominent In Greek mythology, Hades is both the land of the dead and the god who rules there. Does Kephale mean 'source' or 'authority over' in Greek literature? Kephalis The NAS New Testament Greek Lexicon Strong's Number: 2776 Browse Lexicon Definition the head, both of men and often of animals. Rather, Cervin concludes that it is "quite rare" (p. 112), and he comes up with only one certain example where he thinks kephale clearly means "source" (Herodotus 4.91, a fifth-century B.C. What does the Greek word Kephale mean? Revised in 2020 - footnoted instead. In Ephesians. A rebuttal. KEPHALE WARS: DOES KEPHALE (AHEAD@) MEAN SOURCE OR LEADER? I think he is merely employing a head-body metaphor."7 This metaphor is clear throughout Eph 5:21-31, which begins with the injunction for the members of the Christian household to "submit In real life, the father of this man, too, died; for as the head [ kephale] is the source of life and light for the whole body, he was responsible for the dreamer's life and light. Grudem's later article on this subject is also available on-line: head destroys life, this word is used in the phrases relating to. For the husband is the head of the wife, even as Christ is the head of the . Henry Petrina's Lexicon Dictionarium Graecolatinum of 1577 lists the following meanings: caput, vertex, summa pars, apex cerni, exorium, origo (source or origin), statura coporis. The head [ kephale] indicates one's father. Other Greek scholars argue that kephale does mean "source" in the first century, not "authority over." Fee asserts that the metaphorical use of kephale to mean "chief" or "person of highest rank" is rare in Greek literature. A CASE STUDY IN FEMINIST METHODOLOGY AND SCHOLARSHIP Jack Cottrell B CBS B Fall 2006 Ever since the mid-1970s a veritable flood of books, periodicals, and articles has inundated the evangelical world with a whole new way of interpreting Biblical words and texts related to gender roles. Clark's article then goes on to give several examples of head being used as source in ancient Greek . Several early church fathers taught that the meaning of kephale in 1 Corinthians 11:3 means "origin" or "beginning" (or "source"). but this illustrates a fundamental error in his argument: in order to make any of his explanations work, he must assume that kephale means not just source but source of something, and he then varies the something from text to text so that he actually gives kephale many new senses (source of protection, source of vitality, source of well-being, 2. The debate continues, but few have taken the time to read all the significant discussions or have access to the actual articles, much less the . Now I recognize that one lexicon gives the meaning source for kephale (56). meaning 'source' does not exist." Source: Grudem, Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood , December 1997, Vol. "kephale is used almost synonymously with arche, 'beginning,' somewhat similar to our use of 'the headwaters of a river' or 'fountain head.' 0 of 7 now give "source" as a meaning of kephal (w/ correction from ed. Since the middle of the twentieth century there has been an ongoing, sometimes acrimonious debate over the meaning of "head" (Greek, kephal) in Paul's letters, especially 1 Corinthians 11:3 and Ephesians 5:23. 1989 Richard S Cervin. 1:01:10 - Part 4: The Battle of Lexicons; does kephale mean authority? What does the Greek word Hades mean? Schools are generally behind the game and what happens is kids figure it out long before teachers and principals and all of us as adults are ready to adopt it toward a better education.". kephalai kephala kephalas kephals kephals kephale kephal kephal kephal kephali kephali kephalen kephaln kephaln kephaln . text on the sources of a river, which was analyzed extensively in my earlier article). A Survey of 2,336 Examples," Trinity Journal ns 6.1 (Spring 1985): 38-59. . [Trinity Journal 10 NS, 85-112] Cervin kephale 1989 pp 1-10 Cervin kephale 1989 pp 11-29 Against those wh claio tham t may denote "source," Grudem says that in orde r to demonstrate that may indeed mean "source," the example "oughs tot be cases i whicn h the mean ing is unambiguous and not easil explainey idn terms of other know n senses ofkephal . Hades the god (who the Greeks also called Pluto) is the brother of Zeus and Poseidon, who rule the skies . Moreover, upon reading the frequently-cited article by Bedale we are surprised to find that he does not cite even one text from ancient Greek literature outside the Bible. 1:33:33 - Conclusions. The Greek word in 1 Corinthians 11:3 should mean " source" or " origin." This is the suitable reading in the text because it is naturally supported by the context as well as by Biblical paradigm: Christ came from God the Father-- He is the only begotten Son who is of same nature with the Father ( John 1:14,18;3:16; 8:42). In 1 Corinthians 11:3, they say kephale means source, base or derivation (55). Some of these church fathers were writing at a time when kephale occasionally could mean "leader" or "a person in authority". Against those wh claio tham t may denote "source," Grudem says that in orde r to demonstrate that may indeed mean "source," the example "oughs tot be cases i whicn h the mean ing is unambiguous and not easil explainey idn terms of other know n senses ofkephal . As stated above, the primary meaning of kephale is "anatomical head" according to usage in the Bible, usage in non-biblical texts, and entries in lexicons and Greek dictionaries. The metaverse is more about digital identity, according to Platt. Since Old Testament teachings historically had given the husband, being male, a superior position in the marriage, kephal was being used in the sense of "source" or "origin". metaph. 1989 Joseph A Fitzmyer. "source."7 These example wils ble deal witt h later. 2a) of persons, master lord: of a husband in relation to his wife. anything supreme, chief, prominent. Wayne Grudem, "Does Kefalh ("Head") Mean "Source" Or "Authority Over" in Greek Literature? ( Oneirocritica 1.2) The head [ kephale] resembles parents in that it is the cause [ aitia] of one's living.