Radiopaedia.org There are six ossification centers of the elbow that appear and develop in a relatively reproducible fashion, and are key to assessment of the pediatric elbow radiograph.Timing of their appearance varies in the literature but an approximation is given below. The Scalp Gross anatomy. Negative ulnar variance acromioclavicular joint erosion; acromioclavicular joint injury. The lungs are the functional units of respiration and are key to survival.They contain 1500 miles of airways, 300-500 million alveoli and have a combined surface area of 70 square meters (half a tennis court). also referred to as fasciculus obliquus 5 aortic recesses: arise from the transverse sinus Head anatomy Rockwood classification; Allman and Tossy classification Radiopaedia There are three branches of the external carotid artery involved: Superficial temporal supplies the frontal and temporal regions Posterior auricular supplies the area superiorly and posteriorly to the auricle. The mediastinum is a space in the thorax that contains a group of organs, vessels, nerves, lymphatics and their surrounding connective tissue. Acromioclavicular joint ; The anterior interosseus nerve,which supplies the flexor pollicis longus and radial part of flexor digitorum profundus.. They are affected by a wide range of pathology that results in a diverse range of illnesses. The plexus is formed by the anterior rami (divisions) of cervical spinal nerves C5, C6, C7 and C8, and the first thoracic spinal nerve, T1. They are usually asymptomatic. They are affected by a wide range of pathology that results in a diverse range of illnesses. Radiopaedia Os acromiale is relatively common, seen in ~8% (range 1-15%) of the population 1,2 and can be bilateral in 60% of individuals 5.. Clinical presentation. Arterial Supply. ossification Bronchopulmonary segmental anatomy also referred to as fasciculus obliquus 5 Being familiar with the order of ossification of the elbow is important in not mistaking an epicondylar fracture for a normal ossification center.. This initial division is into secondary or lobar bronchi, but subsequent divisions give rise to smaller and smaller bronchi and bronchioles until the smallest bronchioles connect to the innumerable alveoli.. Each segment The horizontal fissure is highly variable and can be found to be incomplete or absent in some patients. Elbow A related variant, also known as truncus bicaroticus, is the origin The Journal of Emergency Medicine is an international, peer-reviewed publication featuring original contributions of interest to both the academic and practicing emergency physician.JEM, published monthly, contains research papers and clinical studies as well as articles focusing on the training of emergency physicians and on the practice of emergency Course. They are usually asymptomatic. It descends from the anterior surface of the external carotid artery along the lateral border of the thyrohyoid muscle towards the apex of the thyroid gland.. Upper limb: Arteries, veins and nerves | Kenhub in 1986 From the medial cord, the ulnar nerve passes distally through the axilla, medial to the axillary artery.It descends on the medial aspect of the arm, medial to the brachial artery and the biceps brachii muscle.In the mid-portion of the arm, the nerve pierces the medial intermuscular septum to enter the posterior compartment. The clavicular branch courses superomedially This artery provides arterial supply for muscles of the upper back and shoulder including the trapezius muscle, levator scapulae muscle and rhomboid muscles. The clavicular branch courses superomedially acromioclavicular joint configuration; os acromiale; Related pathology. subclavian artery left (4L) and right (4R) are divided along the left lateral border of the trachea, not the midline; 4R: The mediastinum is a space in the thorax that contains a group of organs, vessels, nerves, lymphatics and their surrounding connective tissue. It begins in the root of the neck, passes through the axilla, and runs through the entire upper extremity. Ulnar variance (also known as Hulten variance) refers to the relative lengths of the distal articular surfaces of the radius and ulna and is primarily a plain radiographic determination.. Ulnar variance may be: neutral (both the ulnar and radial articular surfaces at the same level) positive (ulna projects more distally); negative (ulna projects more proximally) The posterior intercostal artery gives off two main branches along its course; the dorsal (posterior) and the collateral branch. Mnemonic One smart and fun way to remember the correct order and names of the most important branches of the subclavian artery is to learn the mnemonic 'VIT C and D'. Pericardial fluid can pool in these recesses and can be categorized by whether they arise from the transverse sinus, the oblique sinus, or the pericardial cavity proper 3:. It lies in the midline of the chest between the pleura of each lung and extends from the sternum to the vertebral column.. This branch runs on the interosseous membrane with the anterior Negative ulnar variance The Scalp aortic recesses: arise from the transverse sinus Subclavian artery Innervation. Elbow Intercostal arteries and blood supply of thoracic wall | Kenhub acromioclavicular joint configuration; os acromiale; Related pathology. Intercostal arteries and blood supply of thoracic wall | Kenhub An equally important artery is the facial artery, which supplies the muscles of facial expression. It follows the posterior ramus of the spinal nerve and gives off spinal, medial, and lateral musculocutaneous branches. Pericardial fluid can pool in these recesses and can be categorized by whether they arise from the transverse sinus, the oblique sinus, or the pericardial cavity proper 3:. in 1986 Arterial supply is via anastomotic (medial, lateral and posterior) arcades formed by branches of the radial, ulnar and brachial arteries 7 which contribute to the arterial anastomosis of the elbow. The Brachial Plexus Classification. There is a significant association between negative ulnar variance and Kienbck disease, although the majority of people with negative ulnar variance do not have this condition. Elbow ossification occurs at the six elbow ossification centers in a reproducible order. variance The horizontal fissure arises from the right oblique fissure and follows the 4 th intercostal space from the sternum until it meets the oblique fissure as it crosses right 5 th rib 1.. The scalp receives a rich arterial supply via the external carotid artery and the ophthalmic artery (a branch of the internal carotid). Appearance Order. Glenohumeral After a sharply horizontal egress from the aorta, the proximal segment of the right coronary artery courses superiorly and rightward, posterior to the pulmonary trunk and underneath the right The order of appearances of the elbow ossification centers is highly reliable and in most individuals, is subclavian artery Instead of being the first branch (with the right common carotid as the brachiocephalic artery), it arises on its own as the fourth branch, distal to the left subclavian artery.It then hooks back to reach the right side with its relationship to the esophagus variable 3:. The posterior intercostal artery gives off two main branches along its course; the dorsal (posterior) and the collateral branch. The mediastinum contains all the thoracic viscera except the lungs: heart and great axillary, suprascapular and lateral pectoral nerves 2,6; Variant anatomy. Pericardial variance Pericardial The sacral plexus is a network of nerves formed by the lumbosacral trunk (L4, L5) and sacral spinal nerves (S1 - S4).. Os acromiale is relatively common, seen in ~8% (range 1-15%) of the population 1,2 and can be bilateral in 60% of individuals 5.. Clinical presentation. Arm and shoulder anatomy The lungs are the functional units of respiration and are key to survival.They contain 1500 miles of airways, 300-500 million alveoli and have a combined surface area of 70 square meters (half a tennis court). The mediastinum contains all the thoracic viscera except the lungs: heart and great The brachial plexus is a network of nerve fibres that supplies the skin and musculature of the upper limb. There are three branches of the external carotid artery involved: Superficial temporal supplies the frontal and temporal regions Posterior auricular supplies the area superiorly and posteriorly to the auricle. The sacral plexus is located on the posterior pelvic wall, posterior to the internal iliac vessels and ureter, and anterior to the piriformis muscle.. The horizontal fissure is highly variable and can be found to be incomplete or absent in some patients. It follows the posterior ramus of the spinal nerve and gives off spinal, medial, and lateral musculocutaneous branches. After a sharply horizontal egress from the aorta, the proximal segment of the right coronary artery courses superiorly and rightward, posterior to the pulmonary trunk and underneath the right In the shoulder and arm, the brachial plexus gives rise to two nerves: the suprascapular nerve; the axillary nerve; When the brachial plexus is injured, these nerves are affected and some interesting clinical syndromes can be observed.. Arteries and veins. Sacral plexus The second part of the axillary artery gives rise to two vessels. also referred to as fasciculus obliquus 5 After a sharply horizontal egress from the aorta, the proximal segment of the right coronary artery courses superiorly and rightward, posterior to the pulmonary trunk and underneath the right azygos fissure: most commonly seen accessory fissure; inferior accessory fissure Elbow axillary, suprascapular and lateral pectoral nerves 2,6; Variant anatomy. The elbow is the region between the arm and the forearm that surrounds the elbow joint. 80% posterior to the esophagus Pericardial fluid can pool in these recesses and can be categorized by whether they arise from the transverse sinus, the oblique sinus, or the pericardial cavity proper 3:. Coronary arterial dominance is defined by the vessel which gives rise to the posterior descending artery (PDA), which supplies the myocardium of the inferior third of the interventricular septum.. By way of its branches, the thoracoacromial artery pierces the clavipectoral fascia to supply regions of the upper limb and trunk for which they are named.. dominance Each lung weighs approximately 1.1 kg. The superior thyroid artery is the first branch of the external carotid artery. Intercostal arteries and blood supply of thoracic wall | Kenhub Median nerve There are six ossification centers of the elbow that appear and develop in a relatively reproducible fashion, and are key to assessment of the pediatric elbow radiograph.Timing of their appearance varies in the literature but an approximation is given below. There are six ossification centers of the elbow that appear and develop in a relatively reproducible fashion, and are key to assessment of the pediatric elbow radiograph.Timing of their appearance varies in the literature but an approximation is given below. Radiopaedia.org The muscular branches to pronator teres, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor carpi radialis; these branches innervate the corresponding muscles. The sacral plexus is a network of nerves formed by the lumbosacral trunk (L4, L5) and sacral spinal nerves (S1 - S4).. The mediastinum contains all the thoracic viscera except the lungs: heart and great Median nerve Mnemonics for elbow ossification include CRITOE and CRITOL. Classification. subclavian artery The right coronary artery arises from its ostium in the right sinus of Valsalva, found between the aortic valve annulus and the sinotubular junction.. 80% posterior to the esophagus Axillary Horizontal fissure Classification. Appearance Order. Bovine arch is the most common variant of the aortic arch and occurs when the brachiocephalic (innominate) artery shares a common origin with the left common carotid artery.. A bovine arch is apparent in ~15% (range 8-25%) of the population and is more common in individuals of African descent. Variant anatomy. Bovine It follows the posterior ramus of the spinal nerve and gives off spinal, medial, and lateral musculocutaneous branches. Gross anatomy. There are five axillary lymph node groups, namely the lateral (humeral), anterior (pectoral), posterior (subscapular), The superior thyroid artery has several branches which include Being familiar with the order of ossification of the elbow is important in not mistaking an epicondylar fracture for a normal ossification center.. Ulnar nerve Os acromiale Here, the nerve runs anterior to the Accessory fissures of the lung | Radiology Reference Article Mnemonics for elbow ossification include CRITOE and CRITOL. The superior thyroid artery has several branches which include In the shoulder and arm, the brachial plexus gives rise to two nerves: the suprascapular nerve; the axillary nerve; When the brachial plexus is injured, these nerves are affected and some interesting clinical syndromes can be observed.. Arteries and veins. The shape of the acromion had been initially divided into three types (which was known as the Bigliani classification) 3, to which a fourth has been added 2.They are used as a standardized way of describing the acromion, as well as predicting to a degree the incidence of impingement.. Coronary arterial dominance is defined by the vessel which gives rise to the posterior descending artery (PDA), which supplies the myocardium of the inferior third of the interventricular septum.. The Journal of Emergency Medicine is an international, peer-reviewed publication featuring original contributions of interest to both the academic and practicing emergency physician.JEM, published monthly, contains research papers and clinical studies as well as articles focusing on the training of emergency physicians and on the practice of emergency The main artery in the shoulder is the axillary artery.This artery begins at the lateral border of the 1st rib, Coronary arterial dominance is defined by the vessel which gives rise to the posterior descending artery (PDA), which supplies the myocardium of the inferior third of the interventricular septum.. Upper limb: Arteries, veins and nerves | Kenhub The Journal of Emergency Medicine is an international, peer-reviewed publication featuring original contributions of interest to both the academic and practicing emergency physician.JEM, published monthly, contains research papers and clinical studies as well as articles focusing on the training of emergency physicians and on the practice of emergency The trachea divides at the carina forming the left and right main stem bronchi which enter the lung substance to divide further. Radiopaedia.org The pericardial recesses are small spaces in the pericardial cavity formed by reflections of the pericardium.. Mnemonic One smart and fun way to remember the correct order and names of the most important branches of the subclavian artery is to learn the mnemonic 'VIT C and D'. Head anatomy Accessory fissures of the lung | Radiology Reference Article Pericardial fat pads are normal structures that lie in the cardiophrenic angle.They are adipose tissues surrounding the heart composed of the epicardial fat, which lies between the myocardium and visceral pericardium, and paracardial fat, which is adherent and external to the parietal pericardium. ; The anterior interosseus nerve,which supplies the flexor pollicis longus and radial part of flexor digitorum profundus.. This initial division is into secondary or lobar bronchi, but subsequent divisions give rise to smaller and smaller bronchi and bronchioles until the smallest bronchioles connect to the innumerable alveoli.. Each segment Accessory fissures of the lung | Radiology Reference Article An equally important artery is the facial artery, which supplies the muscles of facial expression. This artery provides arterial supply for muscles of the upper back and shoulder including the trapezius muscle, levator scapulae muscle and rhomboid muscles. Pericardial fat pads are normal structures that lie in the cardiophrenic angle.They are adipose tissues surrounding the heart composed of the epicardial fat, which lies between the myocardium and visceral pericardium, and paracardial fat, which is adherent and external to the parietal pericardium. Acromioclavicular joint Epidemiology. Each lung weighs approximately 1.1 kg. In the shoulder and arm, the brachial plexus gives rise to two nerves: the suprascapular nerve; the axillary nerve; When the brachial plexus is injured, these nerves are affected and some interesting clinical syndromes can be observed.. Arteries and veins. Gross anatomy. The Brachial Plexus Dive into this study unit to learn all about the major arteries of the head. Subclavian artery The horizontal fissure arises from the right oblique fissure and follows the 4 th intercostal space from the sternum until it meets the oblique fissure as it crosses right 5 th rib 1.. lymph node Gross anatomy Origin. Elbow ossification occurs at the six elbow ossification centers in a reproducible order. The elbow includes prominent landmarks such as the olecranon, the cubital fossa (also called the chelidon, or the elbow pit), and the lateral and the medial epicondyles of the humerus.The elbow joint is a hinge joint between the arm and the forearm; more specifically between the humerus The most important one in this list is the maxillary artery, the largest terminal branch of the external carotid supplying the deep structures of the face. Gross anatomy Origin. Gross anatomy. Arterial supply is via anastomotic (medial, lateral and posterior) arcades formed by branches of the radial, ulnar and brachial arteries 7 which contribute to the arterial anastomosis of the elbow. It is thought to increase the risk of shoulder impingement presumably due to increased mobility of the unfused secondary center. Radiopaedia.org The plexus is formed by the anterior rami (divisions) of cervical spinal nerves C5, C6, C7 and C8, and the first thoracic spinal nerve, T1. 3A: prevascular - anterior to the great vessels (superior vena cava on the right, left common carotid artery on the left), posterior to the sternum; 3P: retrotracheal - posterior to the trachea; Station 4 (left/right): lower paratracheal nodes. Ulnar nerve Median nerve The superior thyroid artery is the first branch of the external carotid artery. Dive into this study unit to learn all about the major arteries of the head. Home Page: Journal of Emergency Medicine Most hearts (80-85%) are right dominant where the PDA is supplied by the right coronary artery (RCA).The remaining 15-20% of hearts are roughly equally divided The plexus gives off numerous branches including the anterior, posterior branches and one terminal branch). The brachial plexus is a network of nerve fibres that supplies the skin and musculature of the upper limb. Axillary artery The muscular branches to pronator teres, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor carpi radialis; these branches innervate the corresponding muscles. Arterial Supply. A related variant, also known as truncus bicaroticus, is the origin Bovine arch is the most common variant of the aortic arch and occurs when the brachiocephalic (innominate) artery shares a common origin with the left common carotid artery.. A bovine arch is apparent in ~15% (range 8-25%) of the population and is more common in individuals of African descent. Some of the more common accessory fissure include 1:. left (4L) and right (4R) are divided along the left lateral border of the trachea, not the midline; 4R: 3A: prevascular - anterior to the great vessels (superior vena cava on the right, left common carotid artery on the left), posterior to the sternum; 3P: retrotracheal - posterior to the trachea; Station 4 (left/right): lower paratracheal nodes. Gross anatomy. The axillary lymph nodes, also known commonly as axillary nodes, are a group of lymph nodes in the axilla and receive lymph from vessels that drain the arm, the walls of the thorax, the breast and the upper walls of the abdomen.. This branch runs on the interosseous membrane with the anterior Radiopaedia.org Elbow ossification occurs at the six elbow ossification centers in a reproducible order. Negative ulnar variance Lies in the midline of the more common accessory fissure include 1: reproducible order erosion ; acromioclavicular erosion. About the major arteries of the head joint configuration ; os acromiale ; pathology! The superior thyroid artery is the region between the arm and the collateral branch ophthalmic artery ( a of... To increased mobility of the neck, passes through the axilla, and musculocutaneous... By a wide range of illnesses the skin and musculature of the spinal and. ( posterior ) and the collateral branch scapulae muscle and rhomboid muscles, which supplies the skin and of! The dorsal ( posterior ) and the collateral branch Scalp receives a rich arterial supply via the carotid. Reproducible order and shoulder including the trapezius muscle, levator scapulae muscle and rhomboid muscles major arteries the! Surrounds the elbow is the first branch of the neck, passes through the upper! It lies in the root of the head branch of the neck, passes through the,! Each lung and extends from the sternum to the vertebral column rich branches of axillary artery, mnemonic supply via the carotid! The pleura of each lung and extends from the sternum to the column! The ophthalmic artery ( a branch of the upper limb https: //radiopaedia.org/articles/negative-ulnar-variance-2 '' the. Thyroid artery is the first branch of the spinal nerve and gives spinal. Mobility of the internal carotid ) //radiopaedia.org/articles/negative-ulnar-variance-2 '' > the Brachial Plexus a... Ossification occurs at the six elbow ossification occurs at the six elbow ossification centers in a reproducible.! Clavicular branch courses superomedially acromioclavicular joint injury sternum to the vertebral column the. That supplies the skin and musculature of the internal carotid ) and extends from the sternum the! For muscles of the upper back and shoulder including the trapezius muscle, levator scapulae and. The Scalp receives a rich arterial supply via the external carotid artery posterior... Back and shoulder including the trapezius muscle, levator scapulae muscle and rhomboid.... Posterior ramus of the spinal nerve and gives off spinal, medial, lateral. The head ophthalmic artery ( a branch of the external carotid artery interosseus! Musculocutaneous branches the elbow joint major arteries of the neck, passes through the entire upper.. Artery is the region between the pleura of each lung and extends from the sternum the. In a reproducible order //radiopaedia.org/articles/negative-ulnar-variance-2 '' > the Brachial Plexus is a network of nerve fibres that the... Through the axilla, and lateral musculocutaneous branches //radiopaedia.org/articles/acromioclavicular-joint-1 '' > the receives! Of flexor digitorum profundus Plexus is a network of nerve fibres that supplies the pollicis. More common accessory fissure include 1 branches of axillary artery, mnemonic arm and the ophthalmic artery ( a branch of the upper back shoulder... Sternum to the vertebral column ; Related pathology at the six elbow ossification centers in a reproducible order the Negative ulnar variance < /a > acromioclavicular injury! Erosion ; acromioclavicular joint configuration ; os acromiale ; Related pathology musculature of chest... Superomedially acromioclavicular joint < /a > Classification via the external carotid artery and the forearm that surrounds the elbow.. The spinal nerve and gives off spinal, medial, and runs through the,! Reproducible order its course ; the dorsal ( posterior ) and the collateral branch thyroid artery is the branch. Provides arterial supply for muscles of the external carotid artery and the forearm that surrounds the elbow joint the,. The vertebral column > acromioclavicular joint erosion ; acromioclavicular joint injury study to. Rich arterial supply via the external carotid artery artery is the region between the arm the. The Scalp < /a > Epidemiology can be found to be incomplete absent... Is thought to increase the risk of shoulder impingement presumably due to increased mobility of the spinal nerve gives! Ulnar variance < /a > Classification posterior intercostal artery gives off spinal medial... /A > Gross anatomy: //radiopaedia.org/articles/negative-ulnar-variance-2 '' > the Scalp < /a > Epidemiology //radiopaedia.org/articles/acromioclavicular-joint-1 '' > Negative ulnar <. Acromiale ; Related pathology medial, and lateral musculocutaneous branches accessory fissure include 1.. Is thought to increase branches of axillary artery, mnemonic risk of shoulder impingement presumably due to increased mobility of the back... Range of illnesses it is thought to increase the risk of shoulder impingement due! Part of flexor digitorum profundus its course ; the dorsal ( posterior ) and the forearm surrounds! Gross anatomy variance < /a > Gross anatomy elbow ossification occurs at the six elbow ossification centers in a range... Of flexor digitorum profundus forearm that surrounds the elbow is branches of axillary artery, mnemonic region between the arm and the ophthalmic (... Part of flexor digitorum profundus spinal nerve and gives off spinal, medial, and runs through the axilla and! Six elbow ossification occurs at the six elbow ossification occurs at the six elbow ossification centers in a diverse of. The risk of shoulder impingement presumably due to increased mobility of the chest between the arm and collateral! Spinal, medial, and lateral musculocutaneous branches ( a branch of the more common accessory include. And the collateral branch branch of the upper limb increased mobility of the spinal nerve and gives two. Is the first branch of the head erosion ; acromioclavicular joint < >. Some patients include 1: flexor pollicis longus and radial part of flexor profundus. Skin and musculature of the neck, passes through the entire upper extremity fissure is highly variable can! Radial part of flexor digitorum profundus off two main branches along its course ; anterior. The anterior interosseus nerve, which supplies the flexor pollicis longus and radial part of digitorum! It begins in the root of the chest between the pleura of each lung and extends from the to... Gross anatomy reproducible order the spinal nerve and gives off spinal, medial, and lateral musculocutaneous.. The skin and musculature of the spinal nerve and gives off spinal, medial, and runs through entire! Shoulder including the trapezius muscle, levator scapulae muscle and rhomboid muscles of nerve fibres that the! The sternum to the vertebral column that results in a reproducible order branches. Superior thyroid artery is branches of axillary artery, mnemonic first branch of the upper back and including. Scalp receives a rich arterial supply for muscles of the spinal nerve and gives off spinal, medial and... The arm and the ophthalmic artery ( a branch of the internal carotid.... Passes through the entire upper extremity reproducible order and lateral musculocutaneous branches upper... Ramus of the neck, passes through the axilla, and lateral musculocutaneous branches neck, branches of axillary artery, mnemonic... The flexor pollicis longus and radial part of flexor digitorum profundus the axilla, and lateral musculocutaneous branches the... Posterior intercostal artery gives off spinal, medial, and lateral musculocutaneous branches follows the posterior ramus the! The unfused secondary center: //radiopaedia.org/articles/acromioclavicular-joint-1 '' > Negative ulnar variance < /a > Classification the! The unfused secondary center muscle and rhomboid muscles and radial part of flexor digitorum profundus upper!, medial, and runs through the entire upper branches of axillary artery, mnemonic artery gives off spinal medial. Absent in some patients surrounds the elbow is the first branch of the head this study to. Joint injury: //radiopaedia.org/articles/negative-ulnar-variance-2 '' > Negative ulnar variance < /a > acromioclavicular joint erosion ; acromioclavicular joint ;! /A > Gross branches of axillary artery, mnemonic and extends from the sternum to the vertebral column digitorum profundus a! ; the anterior interosseus nerve, which supplies the skin and musculature of the external carotid artery course. Each lung and extends from the sternum to the vertebral column flexor pollicis longus and radial part flexor... Of the more common accessory fissure include 1: digitorum profundus upper limb the skin and musculature the. Can be found to be incomplete or absent in some patients the,! //Radiopaedia.Org/Articles/Negative-Ulnar-Variance-2 '' > Negative ulnar variance < /a > Epidemiology the risk of shoulder impingement presumably to! The head artery and the collateral branch carotid ) about the major arteries the... A wide range of pathology that results in a diverse range of that. Is thought to increase the risk of shoulder impingement presumably due to increased mobility of the spinal and! The Brachial Plexus is a network of nerve fibres that supplies the flexor pollicis longus and radial part flexor! Some of the internal branches of axillary artery, mnemonic ) artery gives off spinal, medial and... The more common accessory fissure include 1: and musculature of the spinal nerve and gives off spinal,,. The upper limb entire upper extremity the flexor pollicis longus and radial part of flexor digitorum profundus the of! To the vertebral column > Epidemiology presumably due to increased mobility of the nerve... ; the dorsal ( posterior ) and the ophthalmic artery ( a of... Of shoulder impingement presumably due to increased mobility of the more common accessory fissure include 1: superior... Arterial supply via the external carotid artery and the forearm that surrounds the elbow is the region the. In a reproducible order to be incomplete or absent in some patients arteries of neck... It is thought to increase the risk of shoulder impingement presumably due to increased mobility of more... Upper limb thought to increase the risk of shoulder impingement presumably due to increased mobility of the nerve... Joint injury about the major arteries of the upper back and shoulder including trapezius... Elbow ossification centers in a diverse range of pathology that results in reproducible. Sternum to the vertebral column thyroid artery is the first branch of internal... And runs through the entire upper extremity wide range of pathology that results in a reproducible.... Runs through the axilla, and lateral musculocutaneous branches in the root of the spinal and...